ͨɳlƷƎz(yn)
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ƿˮƿyƿƿ;Pƿt(y)òˇƷƿwT_ƷҸݔҺƿˎuƿƿʥQˮƷ@ʯë(x)ƿݔҺƿò˰|~{(dio)ƿbбP
~h IJ Ͳh f |οh ͤοh ˮοh οh ɳοh | οh R߿h ɳȺu ɳȺu ɳȺuču亣 ָɽ h
ɫˇƷ 鲣ˇƷ˾ LˇƷ d鲣ˇƷ˾ 貣ˇƷ ۲ˇƷ
ˇƷ[1]ҲQֹˇƷͨ^ֹԭϻƷӹɵľˇg(sh)rֵĮa(chn)ƷwF(xin)Ą(chung)Ժˇg(sh)Դs
ˇƷһ֞ڲˇƷˇƷˇƷbϻߙn̄(w)YƷ
ˇƷˇֹ̥ƶˇƷɫIJҪ\(yn)cҺoӟʹӟİĿڻ, ȻɲQƬСM(jn)иa(chn)Ʒεȫ^̲ˇƷÓDT취(jng)ηģע[2]ˇƷC(j)Ʈa(chn)Ʒǰͬa(chn)Ʒ֮gܕڼ(x)СIJe@ҲĄ֮̎
ڷNS܉mڸNǰVһֱܵM(fi)ߵϲ҂xrP(gun)עr߀(yng)ԓP(gun)עͬ|(zh)xmԼʹõˎ˽ˇg(sh)ˮЧôԼˇg(sh)ˇƷ҂ռYϾ@ƪϣ܉һˇg(sh)ˮЧô 1 Nño(h)ĤIJA(y)O(sh)Ӌ,Ҫˮ鲣ıo(h)Ĥҵɰ,ȻڇɰͿˮ,һСr,ָճ,M(jn)еڶ·ɰ,ԽˮЧԽ@,ˮ鲿ȫֵƽӰ. 2 ȫ^ɵˮˮᲿֽ,ԵƬ,Ýëˮ,ˮϴ,ͿϹͼ. 3 ӹļ
Ŀǰʹ^V(yng)÷^VğoC(j)ǽٲϣ܉(yng)ڽáˇg(sh)xI(lng)NʮS˳õ䓻ӡ⣬߀йW(xu){(dio)ⲣȌg(sh)Ҫ^ߵ͡ƪ҂BˇƷ֞ЩfʲôǟһˇƷ֞Щ ˇƷҲQֹˇƷͨ^ֹԭϻƷӹɵľˇg(sh)rֵĮa(chn)ƷwF(xin)Ą(chung)Ժˇg(sh)ԣԴs ˇƷһ֞ڲˇƷˇƷˇƷbϻߵ̄(w)YƷ ˇƷ(x)ָ[
SSa(chn)g(sh)l(f)չҲ˸NµķNи(qing)ĹuȡͨefԭֻL(fng)ͨʹÊAz;߂˽Ĺӷ㌍(sh)҂ĺνBôڲM(jn)п̻˽ⲣôһôڲM(jn)п̻ ڲϡ̻,䌍(sh)y,w: 1 ̵IJ_Ƀ,͝n. 2 ʯϞ(̵)mܻ,ͿҪLƵIJ. 3 ʯϞҺ̺,gʯϞ(zhn)õĈD,ȻƬ(U䏗l)ȹ,ؾlʯ
˂ˮƽѸ@һϵҲ˸ҪSҞ(qing)İȫcˇg(sh)Ƴ˲Ͳa(chn)Ʒ(qing)ʮTͨ늿ȵ{(dio)ⲣȂy(tng)ĥɰӌ(sh)ՈˇƷ˽ⲣЩc(din)һˇƷa(chn) ˇƷһ֞ڲˇƷˇƷˇƷbϻߵ̄(w)YƷ ˇƷ(x)ָ[ʥQYƷˮϵ֦ϵСϵǹϵС{(dio)ưϵƿT_zȲƷ ˇƷˇֹ̥ÓDT취(jng)ηģעˇƷ
܃(yu)ɑ(yng)ڶNϡ҃(ni)bòLc۲L(fng)׃Ҫo(h)ȫĈm䓻AzȰȫҪ{(dio)(ji)o(h)[˽rĥɰc{(dio)ⲣ˽ԌW(xu)(x)ֹՈһӌW(xu)(x)ˇƷ 1,W(xu)н(jng)(yn)ԺУȥW(xu)(x)ˇƷ. 2,ˇƷӹSW(xu)(x). 3,н(jng)(yn)IJƿֹW(xu)(x). 4,@(]). bˇg(sh)O(sh)Ӌн(jng)(yn): &nbs
ڬF(xin)˂ճҪʹòƷѽ(jng)ȫo[Óˡ|(zh)(wn)͏(qing)Ꮚ(qing)A҈(jin)ӲǴҪO(sh)ԭ֮һM(jn)һ˽ˇg(sh)ˇP(gun)Ϣ˽ӹxһxƪM(jn)˽һˇƷ ˇg(sh)϶ôƳˇƳͷ֞˹ƺ͙C(j)еĿǰˇg(sh)Ʒa(chn)Ʒ˹ѺԸNԄӻC(j)еƞ ֹҪʹһF(P䓹)һÁմȡҺһ˹⡣Ls1.51.7mĿ0515cmɸ(j)ƷСxòͬҎ(gu)Ĵ C(j)Ʋx_˹ȫC(j)еƳɣ
Ŵÿ춼|NƷ粣TȡmȻ҂(jng)c|s@ЩķNc|(zh)]̫˽⡣ڌϲ˽(do)°l(f)N}҂ҽBˇƷM(jn)һ˽ⲣƹˇc(din)һôӹˇƷ ԭA(y)ӹKԭϣʯӢɰAʯʯLʯȣʹԭϸFԭM(jn)гF̎ԱC|(zh) Ƃ ڳظGG(ni)M(jn)иߜأ1550~1600ȣӟʹ֮γɾoϳҪҺB(ti)  
vʷƾ|(zh)(wn)ǚv(jng)rg(yn)ă(yu)܉bҲڸNW(xu)xаl(f)]Ҫ܉Á(ji)ܽ롣ͨ^ʹòͬļӹ҂܉вͬԡɫ܃(yu)Խmbcˇg(sh)ƷӹbЧxVc(din)һɫˇƷ ȣҪһ^СĴ݈Dͨˮʮ͑_J(rn)ȻٮȫߴĈDӻDfΠɫ{(dio)Լڹ̶UlλȻĵDȡDɫĴײٌDM(jn)вüܕһֲLƈDڸGПʹDcY(ji) ȻǶUlۣU^̎M(jn)кӡUIJ։KMbԱ\(yn)֮ÿһKbFřڻ֧μUl֧γɵĎΈDǴwO(sh)Ӌ
ڷNS܉mڸNǰVһֱܵM(fi)ߵϲ҂xrP(gun)עr߀(yng)ԓP(gun)עͬ|(zh)xmԼʹõˎ˽ˮˇg(sh)ôԼˇg(sh)ˇƷ̣҂ռYϾ@ƪϣ܉һôˇg(sh)ˮ鲣 1 Nño(h)ĤIJA(y)O(sh)Ӌ,Ҫˮ鲣ıo(h)Ĥҵɰ,ȻڇɰͿˮ,һСr,ָճ,M(jn)еڶ·ɰ,ԽˮЧԽ@,ˮ鲿ȫֵƽӰ. 2 ȫ^ɵˮˮᲿֽ,ԵƬ,Ýëˮ,ˮϴ,ͿϹͼ.
˂ˮƽѸߣ@һϵҲ˸ҪSҞ(qing)İȫcˇg(sh)ԣƳ˲Ͳa(chn)Ʒ(qing)ʮTͨ늿ȵ{(dio)ⲣȂy(tng)ĥɰӌ(sh)ՈˇƷ˽ⲣЩc(din)һˇƷ ˇƷһ֞ڲˇƷˇƷˇƷbϻߵ̄(w)YƷ ˇƷ(x)ָ[ʥQYƷˮϵ֦ϵϵǹϵС{(dio)ưϵСƿT_zȲƷ ˇƷˇֹ̡̥ÓDT취(jng)
Sg(sh)ijF(xin)ƽă(yu)ɞܣͬrҲʹӹķNS˳õĸ߶ȶ䓻߀ע[˽o(h)ĥɰ{(dio)ⲣ(qing)ȫܵĊAӲAzڱƪ҂ҪBֹˇƷfпղһֹˇƷ ˇƷһ֞ڲˇƷˇƷˇƷbϻߵ̄(w)YƷ ˇƷ(x)ָ[ʥQYƷˮϵ֦ϵСϵǹϵС{(dio)ưϵƿT_zȲƷ ˇƷˇֹ̡̥Ó
ھ߂cɫ(jng)\(yn)ڌcɫһҪĈϣW(xu)xcNˇg(sh)b֮СF(xin)g(sh)oИI(y)µC(j)cͬrҲʹ˺ܴ҂νBˇg(sh)ˇƷcB(yng)f䃞(yu)ȱc(din)һαB(yng)ˇƷ ˇƷҲnjڲˇƷһN: ˇƷıB(yng)ʮֺ.ˮ,Ҫeijϴ̎,⏊(qing)Ħ̎ˤ,ƷıB(yng)Ҫm,ͨ^ܛëˢ̎. (һ)ײĦƄ,F(xin)Ĺ. ()ֳ
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